鋼絲繩概念：用多根或多股(gu)細鋼絲擰成(cheng)的(de)撓性繩(sheng)索(suo)或由多層鋼絲捻成(cheng)股(gu)，再以繩(sheng)芯為中心(xin)，由一定數(shu)量股(gu)捻繞成(cheng)螺(luo)旋狀的(de)繩(sheng)。

　　一根鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)按照(zhao)“鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)-繩(sheng)股(gu)-鋼(gang)絲(si)-繩(sheng)芯”分解(jie)來看，如下圖。

　　

 

　　鋼(gang)絲(si)繩的繩芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一般分為(wei)有(you)機芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、棉、麻芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、石棉芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)和鋼(gang)絲(si)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)等幾種(zhong)。通常，起重機上使用的鋼(gang)絲(si)繩一般是以麻芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)居多，它具有(you)較高(gao)(gao)的撓性和彈性，并(bing)能貯存一定的潤(run)滑(hua)油，當鋼(gang)絲(si)繩被拉伸(shen)時，油擠到鋼(gang)絲(si)之間起潤(run)滑(hua)作用，鋼(gang)絲(si)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)適用于(yu)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)或多層纏繞的場合;石棉芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)適用于(yu)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)場合;有(you)機芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)適用于(yu)非高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)場合。

　　鋼絲(si)繩芯及代號

　　a纖維芯(天(tian)然或合(he)成(cheng))：FC

　　b天(tian)然纖(xian)維芯：NF

　　c合(he)成纖維芯：SF

　　d金屬(shu)絲繩芯：IWR(或(huo)IWRC)

　　e金屬絲(si)股(gu)芯(xin)：IWS

　　如6×37+FC形式的(de)，6指(zhi)的(de)是繩股(gu)的(de)股(gu)數(shu)(shu)(6股(gu))，37指(zhi)的(de)是每股(gu)的(de)鋼(gang)絲的(de)絲數(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(37絲)，FC指(zhi)的(de)是繩芯的(de)形式是麻芯。鋼(gang)絲繩從(cong)斷面上看是這(zhe)樣的(de)(如下圖)。

　　

 

　　鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)直徑(jing)是指其截(jie)面的(de)外接(jie)圓(yuan)直徑(jing)。鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)直徑(jing)的(de)測(ce)量：1)鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)直徑(jing)應用帶有寬鉗口的(de)游標(biao)卡(ka)尺測(ce)量，其鉗口寬度要(yao)足以跨越兩個相(xiang)鄰(lin)的(de)股。2)測(ce)量應在(zai)(zai)無張力的(de)情(qing)況下，距鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)端(duan)頭不小于15m的(de)直線(xian)部位上進行，在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)距1m以上的(de)兩截(jie)面的(de)不同(tong)方向上，各(ge)測(ce)量一個直徑(jing)，四(si)個測(ce)量結果的(de)算術平均值作為鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)實測(ce)直徑(jing)。

　　(一)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)接(jie)觸(chu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態分(fen)類按照(zhao)(zhao)股中(zhong)相鄰層(ceng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)的接(jie)觸(chu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)分(fen)為：點接(jie)觸(chu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、線接(jie)觸(chu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、面(mian)接(jie)觸(chu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三種基本結構形(xing)(xing)式。按照(zhao)(zhao)構成股斷面(mian)的形(xing)(xing)式，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)分(fen)為圓股鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和異形(xing)(xing)股鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(其中(zhong)異形(xing)(xing)股鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)主要包括三角股鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、橢圓股鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和扇(shan)形(xing)(xing)股鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))。按照(zhao)(zhao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))表面(mian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)分(fen)為光面(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、鍍鋅(xin)(鋅(xin)鋁合金)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和涂(tu)(包)塑鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。

　　點接(jie)觸：股內相(xiang)鄰層(ceng)(ceng)鋼絲之(zhi)間呈(cheng)點狀(zhuang)接(jie)觸形(xing)式(shi)，除中心鋼絲外，各層(ceng)(ceng)鋼絲直徑(jing)相(xiang)等，股通過分層(ceng)(ceng)捻制形(xing)成。

　　線(xian)接觸：股內相(xiang)鄰(lin)層(ceng)鋼(gang)絲(si)之間呈線(xian)狀接觸形式(shi)，股由(you)不同(tong)直徑的鋼(gang)絲(si)一次捻制而成。

　　面接觸(chu)：股內(nei)相鄰層鋼(gang)絲之間呈面狀接觸(chu)形式。

　　點、線接觸鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩：股內相鄰層鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)之間呈點、線兩種接觸形式。股由不(bu)同直(zhi)徑的鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)分次捻制而成(cheng)。

　　異形股鋼絲繩(sheng)：異形股鋼絲繩(sheng)因(yin)其股斷面呈三角(jiao)形、橢圓形或扇形而得名。

　　鍍(du)鋅(xin)(xin)鋼絲(si)(si)繩：對鋼絲(si)(si)表面進行鍍(du)鋅(xin)(xin)處理(li)(或鍍(du)鋅(xin)(xin)后拉拔)，然后在捻制成(cheng)的鋼絲(si)(si)繩。

　　(二)鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)擰(ning)(ning)(ning)繞(rao)(rao)層次(ci)分類按擰(ning)(ning)(ning)繞(rao)(rao)的層次(ci)可(ke)分為單繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)、雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)和(he)三繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)。①單繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)：由若干(gan)細(xi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲圍(wei)繞(rao)(rao)一根金屬(shu)芯(xin)(xin)擰(ning)(ning)(ning)制(zhi)而(er)成(cheng)，撓(nao)(nao)性差，反復彎曲時易(yi)磨(mo)損(sun)折斷，主要(yao)用(yong)作不運動的拉緊索。②雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)：由鋼(gang)(gang)絲擰(ning)(ning)(ning)成(cheng)股后再由股圍(wei)繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)芯(xin)(xin)擰(ning)(ning)(ning)成(cheng)繩(sheng)。常用(yong)的繩(sheng)芯(xin)(xin)為麻芯(xin)(xin)，高溫作業(ye)宜用(yong)石(shi)棉芯(xin)(xin)或軟鋼(gang)(gang)絲擰(ning)(ning)(ning)成(cheng)的金屬(shu)芯(xin)(xin)。制(zhi)繩(sheng)前繩(sheng)芯(xin)(xin)浸涂潤滑油，可(ke)減少鋼(gang)(gang)絲間互相摩擦所引(yin)起的損(sun)傷。雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)撓(nao)(nao)性較好(hao)(hao)，制(zhi)造簡便，應用(yong)最廣。③三繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)：以雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)作股再圍(wei)繞(rao)(rao)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)繞(rao)(rao)繩(sheng)芯(xin)(xin)擰(ning)(ning)(ning)成(cheng)繩(sheng)，撓(nao)(nao)性好(hao)(hao);但制(zhi)造較復雜，且鋼(gang)(gang)絲太細(xi)，容(rong)易(yi)磨(mo)損(sun)，故很(hen)少應用(yong)。

　　(三)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)法(fa)(fa)分(fen)類鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)在繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)股(gu)(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和股(gu)(gu)在繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)制螺(luo)旋方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(即捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))以(yi)及股(gu)(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)絲(si)(si)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)股(gu)(gu)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之問(wen)關(guan)系(xi)(捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)法(fa)(fa))的(de)相互(hu)(hu)(hu)配(pei)合(he)(he)。捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)左(zuo)(zuo)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)兩種;捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)法(fa)(fa)有交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)(hu)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和同(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)兩種。根據(ju)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)相互(hu)(hu)(hu)配(pei)合(he)(he)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)法(fa)(fa)分(fen)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)(hu)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、左(zuo)(zuo)交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)(hu)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)同(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、左(zuo)(zuo)同(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4種，如圖1所示(shi)。把鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)股(gu)(gu))垂直放置觀察(cha)，繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)股(gu)(gu)(鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si))的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)制螺(luo)旋方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線左(zuo)(zuo)側(ce)開始(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)、向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)稱右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，可用符(fu)合(he)(he)“z”表示(shi);從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)側(ce)開始(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)、向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)稱左(zuo)(zuo)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，可用符(fu)合(he)(he)“S”表示(shi)。交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)(hu)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)指(zhi)股(gu)(gu)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相反，也(ye)叫逆(ni)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。同(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)指(zhi)股(gu)(gu)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相同(tong)，也(ye)叫順捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)(hu)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)指(zhi)的(de)是(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)股(gu)(gu)為左(zuo)(zuo)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。左(zuo)(zuo)交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)(hu)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)指(zhi)的(de)是(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為左(zuo)(zuo)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)股(gu)(gu)為右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)同(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)股(gu)(gu)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)均(jun)為右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。左(zuo)(zuo)同(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和股(gu)(gu)的(de)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)均(jun)為左(zuo)(zuo)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。

　　

 

　　交(jiao)互捻(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)從外(wai)形(xing)看，外(wai)層鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)位(wei)置幾乎與(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)縱向(xiang)(xiang)軸線(xian)(xian)相(xiang)平(ping)行，因而交(jiao)互捻(nian)(nian)(nian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在使(shi)用(yong)時的(de)特點是：(1)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)與(yu)其(qi)卷筒或滑輪表(biao)面(mian)(mian)接觸長(chang)度(du)較(jiao)短，即支撐表(biao)面(mian)(mian)小(xiao)磨(mo)損較(jiao)快(kuai)(圖2)，并且(qie)在使(shi)用(yong)中，繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)受(shou)較(jiao)大(da)(da)擠壓時不(bu)易(yi)向(xiang)(xiang)兩旁分開，容易(yi)產生不(bu)均(jun)勻磨(mo)損，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)易(yi)爆斷;(2)由于(yu)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)同，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)內(nei)部(bu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)排列位(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)同，會引起其(qi)性(xing)能的(de)差異，且(qie)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)制變形(xing)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，柔(rou)軟性(xing)較(jiao)差，使(shi)用(yong)時鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)所受(shou)的(de)彎曲應力較(jiao)大(da)(da);(3)由于(yu)交(jiao)互捻(nian)(nian)(nian)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)制后繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)股內(nei)殘(can)余應力或受(shou)載時引起的(de)旋轉力矩可(ke)互相(xiang)抵消一(yi)部(bu)分，不(bu)易(yi)引起鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)松散和(he)使(shi)用(yong)時的(de)旋轉;(4)交(jiao)互捻(nian)(nian)(nian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)與(yu)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中心線(xian)(xian)傾斜僅在0-5度(du)之間，表(biao)面(mian)(mian)外(wai)觀平(ping)整，使(shi)用(yong)時平(ping)穩、振動小(xiao)。

　　同向捻(nian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)從外形(xing)看，外層鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)的(de)位置與(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)的(de)縱向軸(zhou)線(xian)相傾斜，傾角達30度左右。同向捻(nian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)的(de)特點(dian)是：(1)使用時(shi)表(biao)層鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)與(yu)卷簡或(huo)滑輪表(biao)面(mian)接觸(chu)區域較(jiao)長，即支(zhi)撐表(biao)面(mian)大(da)，因此耐磨性(xing)好(hao);(2)柔(rou)軟性(xing)較(jiao)好(hao)，有較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)抗彎曲(qu)疲勞(lao)(lao)性(xing);(3)由于捻(nian)向一致，捻(nian)成繩(sheng)后(hou)的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)總彎扭變形(xing)較(jiao)小，使用時(shi)繩(sheng)內鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)受力(li)較(jiao)均(jun)勻，對(dui)提(ti)高鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)疲勞(lao)(lao)壽命也有利;(4)自(zi)轉(zhuan)性(xing)稍大(da)，容易發生(sheng)松捻(nian)和扭結現象，一般(ban)在兩端固定的(de)場合(he)使用較(jiao)為合(he)適。

　　

 

　　鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)品種中(zhong)以右(you)交互捻為多(duo)。一(yi)般在供需(xu)雙方確定(ding)捻向(xiang)時(shi)，若強(qiang)(qiang)調柔軟性時(shi)可選同向(xiang)捻，強(qiang)(qiang)調不(bu)松(song)散和不(bu)旋轉(zhuan)性時(shi)，可選用交互捻。至于是(shi)(shi)選左捻還是(shi)(shi)右(you)捻，則由設備情況及操作習慣(guan)等因(yin)素決定(ding)。交互捻缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi)接觸(chu)差易磨損、壽命(ming)短，優點(dian)沒有松(song)散和扭轉(zhuan)的(de)趨勢。

　　因此，同向(xiang)捻的優點(dian)是比較柔(rou)軟，易彎曲，內應(ying)力(li)小，表面光滑，磨損也(ye)小，使用壽命長;缺點(dian)是容易松散、旋轉，懸掛較困難，承載后伸長率較大(da)。交互捻鋼(gang)絲繩的優缺點(dian)與同向(xiang)捻相反。

　　鋼絲繩的解卷(juan)

　　鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)多數是以(yi)卷(juan)、盤(pan)(pan)的形式(shi)到(dao)現(xian)場(chang)的，要(yao)使(shi)用正(zheng)確的鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)解(jie)卷(juan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)和(he)正(zheng)確消除鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)的校頭，其實兩者的機理完全相同，正(zheng)確消除鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)的校頭的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)很簡單，只要(yao)沿著鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)校頭的反方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)回旋即可;鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)正(zheng)確的解(jie)卷(juan)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)見圖(tu)2，應將繩(sheng)盤(pan)(pan)緩(huan)緩(huan)轉(zhuan)動或(huo)滾動，慢(man)慢(man)地將鋼絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)解(jie)卷(juan)，防(fang)止出(chu)現(xian)加(jia)捻(nian)(nian)或(huo)松捻(nian)(nian)現(xian)象。解(jie)卷(juan)時;嚴禁用圖(tu)(a)錯誤的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)解(jie)卷(juan)，以(yi)免產(chan)生(sheng)加(jia)捻(nian)(nian)(上(shang)勁(jing))或(huo)松捻(nian)(nian)(破勁(jing))現(xian)象，造成扭結。

　　

 

　　

 

　　鋼絲繩與卷筒的配(pei)合原則

　　左(zuo)(zuo)交互捻(nian)、右(you)交互捻(nian)兩種(zhong)型號的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)(ke)用于(yu)左(zuo)(zuo)旋(xuan)卷筒(tong)，也可(ke)(ke)用于(yu)右(you)旋(xuan)卷筒(tong)。左(zuo)(zuo)捻(nian)、右(you)捻(nian)兩種(zhong)繩(sheng)(sheng)與滾筒(tong)旋(xuan)向(xiang)(xiang)有一定的(de)(de)(de)對應關系，選(xuan)對了鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)捻(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)，才能(neng)(neng)延長鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)在卷筒(tong)上纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao)方向(xiang)(xiang)，必須(xu)是使(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)緊捻(nian)而不是松捻(nian)的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao)。右(you)旋(xuan)繩(sheng)(sheng)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)卷筒(tong)推(tui)薦(jian)使(shi)用左(zuo)(zuo)捻(nian)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)，反之，左(zuo)(zuo)旋(xuan)繩(sheng)(sheng)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)卷筒(tong)應使(shi)用右(you)捻(nian)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)。總之，要根據卷筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)向(xiang)(xiang)選(xuan)擇(ze)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)捻(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)不能(neng)(neng)“破勁”。另外(wai)，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)在卷筒(tong)上的(de)(de)(de)纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao)方向(xiang)(xiang)必須(xu)根據鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)捻(nian)向(xiang)(xiang)，右(you)捻(nian)繩(sheng)(sheng)從左(zuo)(zuo)到右(you)，左(zuo)(zuo)捻(nian)繩(sheng)(sheng)從右(you)到左(zuo)(zuo)排列，纏(chan)(chan)繞(rao)(rao)應排列整齊避(bi)免出現偏繞(rao)(rao)或夾繞(rao)(rao)現象(xiang)。

　　鋼絲繩(sheng)繩(sheng)端(duan)固(gu)定(ding)

　　起重吊裝(zhuang)中的(de)鋼絲繩(sheng)(sheng)要和(he)被吊物連接，就(jiu)必須進行(xing)繩(sheng)(sheng)端(duan)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)。繩(sheng)(sheng)端(duan)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)的(de)形(xing)式(shi)有：1.使用繩(sheng)(sheng)夾固(gu)(gu)定(ding)，繩(sheng)(sheng)夾又叫(jiao)卡(ka)頭(tou)。2.使用楔形(xing)繩(sheng)(sheng)卡(ka)，一般(ban)吊車上(shang)的(de)鋼絲繩(sheng)(sheng)繩(sheng)(sheng)端(duan)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)用。3.鋼絲繩(sheng)(sheng)繩(sheng)(sheng)頭(tou)編結。

　　附注：

　　鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關概念(nian)：公稱抗拉(la)(la)(la)強度(du):在(zai)拉(la)(la)(la)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中直到拉(la)(la)(la)斷時的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大力(li)(li),除以鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)截(jie)面積，這是(shi)一個應力(li)(li);允許拉(la)(la)(la)力(li)(li)：允許的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大拉(la)(la)(la)力(li)(li)，能(neng)保(bao)證鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)(sheng)不斷裂(lie)。破斷拉(la)(la)(la)力(li)(li)：在(zai)拉(la)(la)(la)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中直到拉(la)(la)(la)斷時的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大力(li)(li)。

　　鋼絲繩其他代(dai)號說明

　　鋼絲的表(biao)面狀態用下列代號標記:

　　a.光面鋼絲:NAT;

　　b.A級鍍鋅鋼(gang)絲:ZAA;

　　c.AB級鍍鋅鋼絲:ZAB;

　　d.B級鍍鋅(xin)鋼絲(si):ZBB

　　鋼絲繩中鋼絲的橫截面用(yong)下列代(dai)號標記(ji):

　　a.圓形鋼絲(si):無(wu)代號;

　　b.三(san)角形鋼絲:V;

　　c.矩形(xing)或扁形(xing)鋼(gang)絲:R;

　　d.梯形鋼絲:T;

　　e.橢(tuo)圓形(xing)鋼絲:Q;

　　F.半密封鋼(gang)(gang)絲(或鋼(gang)(gang)軌形鋼(gang)(gang)絲)與圓形鋼(gang)(gang)絲搭配:H;

　　鋼絲(si)(si)繩使用前(qian)檢(jian)查范圍：鋼絲(si)(si)繩的(de)(de)磨損、銹蝕、拉伸、彎曲、變形(xing)、疲(pi)勞、斷絲(si)(si)、繩芯露出的(de)(de)程度。

　　鋼絲繩截面圖(如(ru)下圖)